Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie werden durch das Geräusch von schweren Maschinen geweckt, die Ihren Garten zerstören. Sie wissen, dass Sie nichts tun können, um sie aufzuhalten, also gehen sie in die Küche, um Frühstück zu machen, und bahnen sich Ihren Weg durch den Hindernisparcours aus Kaffeebechern und Plastikflaschen, die Fremde in Ihrem Flur abgeladen haben. Nach reiflicher Überlegung beschliessen sie, das Frühstück ausfallen zu lassen, denn die Milch ist sauer geworden. Die letzte Hitzewelle hat den Motor des Kühlschranks überlastet.
Mit diesem Alptraum müssen Tiere in freier Wildbahn kämpfen, weil der Mensch der Natur immer mehr abverlangt, was nicht nachhaltig ist. Die komplexen Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Kapital der Natur (Wasser, Boden, Luft, Wälder und Ozeane) und der biologischen Vielfalt (Fülle und Vielfalt von Arten, Genomen und Ökosystemen) bedeuten, dass das, was wir anderen Lebewesen antun, letztendlich auch unserer Umwelt schaden kann.
Beispiel Walfang. Die Verringerung der Zahl der Wale beeinträchtigt einen der wichtigsten Prozesse der Natur zur Kohlenstoffbindung. Ein durchschnittlicher Grosswal nimmt im Laufe seines Lebens etwa 33 Tonnen Kohlendioxid auf. Wenn er auf natürliche Weise stirbt, sinkt er auf den Meeresboden und bindet diese Emissionen für Jahrhunderte. Darüber hinaus trägt der Walmist auch zur Düngung des Phytoplanktons bei, das schätzungsweise 40 % der Kohlendioxidemissionen bindet.[1] Weniger Wale bedeutet somit ein wärmerer Planet.
Die biologische Vielfalt unterstützt das Naturkapital und umgekehrt, wobei beide der Menschheit "Ökosystemleistungen" bieten: von der Klimaregulierung über den Nährstoffkreislauf bis hin zu sauberem Wasser. Da die Natur diese Leistungen jedoch kostenlos zur Verfügung stellt, haben Unternehmen wenig wirtschaftliche Anreize, sich um ihr Handeln dem Naturkapital gegenüber zu kümmern.
Das Ergebnis ist eine Naturzerstörung in mindestens so grossem Umfang wie der Klimawandel. Eine Zerstörung, die die Klimabedrohung verschlimmert und umgekehrt, eine potenziell katastrophale Rückkopplungsschleife. Zu den Folgen gehören Massenabholzung, dauerhafter Verlust von Arten, geringere Vielfalt von Kulturpflanzen aufgrund unzureichender Bestäubung, Verschlechterung der Bodenfruchtbarkeit und vieles mehr.
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09/13/2022
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